A 58-year-old anthracite coal miner with 35 years of occupational exposure presents for routine occupational health screening. High-resolution CT chest shows bilateral upper-lobe small rounded nodular opacities (marked **A** in the diagram) with relative lower-lobe sparing. The patient is asymptomatic with normal spirometry. Which of the following best explains the pathological basis for the distribution pattern shown at **A**?
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