A 38-year-old woman presents with a diagnosis of hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Her father had pancreatic adenocarcinoma at age 55, and her paternal uncle had breast cancer at age 48. Genetic testing reveals a heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in the locus marked **A** in the diagram. Which of the following best explains the pathogenesis of her cancer phenotype in the context of this germline mutation?
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