Viral Hepatitis — Clinical

A 48-year-old man with known chronic hepatitis B (HBeAg positive, HBV DNA 8 × 10^6 copies/mL) and compensated cirrhosis presents for treatment initiation. He has no prior antiviral exposure. What is the preferred first-line regimen?

A 32-year-old man from rural India presents with jaundice, dark urine, and hepatomegaly. Serology shows anti-HAV IgM positive and elevated transaminases (ALT 2800 U/L). What is the drug of choice for treatment?

A 28-year-old man from rural Maharashtra presents with a 2-week history of jaundice, dark urine, and clay-coloured stools. He reports consuming contaminated water during a recent flood. On examination, he is afebrile, icteric, and has mild hepatomegaly without ascites. Laboratory investigations show: Total bilirubin 8.2 mg/dL (direct 5.8 mg/dL), AST 1840 IU/L, ALT 2120 IU/L, ALP 280 IU/L, albumin 3.8 g/dL, INR 1.1. Serological testing reveals IgM anti-HAV positive; IgG anti-HAV negative; HBsAg negative; anti-HCV negative. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 28-year-old woman with known chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg-positive for 5 years) presents for routine follow-up. She is asymptomatic with normal liver function tests and no clinical signs of cirrhosis. Which investigation is most appropriate to assess the need for antiviral therapy and determine disease activity?

Which of the following viral hepatitis infections is characterized by the presence of HBeAg and HBV DNA in serum, indicating high infectivity and active viral replication?