Benign Ovarian Tumors

A 28-year-old unmarried woman presents with a 6-month history of progressive left lower abdominal pain and mild abdominal distension. She denies fever, weight loss, or menstrual irregularity. On examination, a firm, mobile, non-tender mass is palpable in the left adnexa. Transvaginal ultrasound shows a 12 cm complex cystic mass with internal echoes and no free fluid. Serum CA-125 is 18 U/mL (normal <35), AFP is normal, and β-hCG is negative. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 42-year-old multiparous woman presents with a 2-year history of progressive abdominal bloating and mild discomfort. She denies vaginal bleeding or weight loss. Physical examination reveals a palpable suprapubic mass. Transvaginal ultrasound demonstrates a 15 cm unilocular cyst with thin walls, clear fluid, and no septations or solid components. Serum CA-125 is 28 U/mL (normal <35), and CEA is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following benign ovarian tumors is characterized by the presence of mature cystic teratoma with predominant lipid-rich sebaceous material?

A benign ovarian tumor is found to have a solid, hard consistency on gross examination with a tan-white surface and microscopic nests of transitional epithelium embedded in a fibrous stroma. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 28-year-old nulliparous woman presents to the gynaecology outpatient clinic with a 6-month history of progressive left lower abdominal pain and bloating. She reports regular menstrual cycles. On examination, a firm, mobile, non-tender mass is palpated in the left adnexa. Transvaginal ultrasound reveals a 12 cm complex cystic lesion with multiple locules, some containing hair and calcifications. Serum tumour markers (AFP, β-hCG, CA-125) are within normal limits. What is the most likely diagnosis?