A 28-year-old woman presents with a 2-year history of severe dysmenorrhea and deep dyspareunia. Transvaginal ultrasound reveals a homogeneous hypoechoic cyst with ground-glass appearance and no internal vascularity in the left ovary, marked as **A** in the diagram. The cyst contains thick, dark brown fluid. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of the structure marked **A**?
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