Malpresentations — Breech, Transverse

A 28-year-old multigravida at 36 weeks of gestation is found to have transverse lie on routine ultrasound. She is asymptomatic with no vaginal bleeding or contractions. Amniotic fluid volume is normal, and there is no evidence of placental abnormality. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 34-year-old primigravida at 36 weeks presents with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. On examination, the uterus is tense and tender. Ultrasound shows a transverse lie with the fetus in a horizontal position across the uterus. Which clinical feature best distinguishes transverse lie from breech presentation?

A 38-week multiparous woman with frank breech presentation is counseled for planned cesarean delivery. However, she requests vaginal breech birth. After careful selection and informed consent, she is deemed a candidate for trial of vaginal breech delivery. Which agent is used for uterine relaxation during the second stage of vaginal breech delivery?

A 32-year-old G2P1 at 34 weeks of gestation presents with acute onset of abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Obstetric examination shows the uterus is tense and tender. Fetal heart rate is 110 bpm with variable decelerations. Ultrasound reveals a transverse lie with the fetal back anterior, placenta on the anterior wall, and a small amount of free fluid in the pelvis. There is no history of previous cesarean section. What is the most likely diagnosis and the most appropriate immediate management?

A 36-week primigravida presents with transverse lie on ultrasound. She is hemodynamically stable with intact membranes and no contraindications to external cephalic version (ECV). What is the drug of choice to facilitate successful ECV?