A 28-year-old primigravida at 32 weeks of gestation presents with dyspnea on exertion. Spirometry shows FEV1 85% predicted, FVC 82% predicted, and FEV1/FVC ratio 0.88. The diagram shows pulmonary function changes in pregnancy. The pattern marked **B** (reduced FRC and ERV with maintained FEV1) explains her rapid desaturation during a simulated apnea test. Which of the following best describes the PRIMARY mechanism underlying the reduction in FRC and ERV seen in this patient?
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