Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV)

A 6-week-old female infant with congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) has undergone 4 weeks of serial casting using the Ponseti method. On review, the adductus and varus have been corrected, but residual equinus persists despite appropriate casting. The foot cannot be dorsiflexed beyond 5° plantarflexion. The treating orthopaedist plans a percutaneous tenotomy. Which tendon is being sectioned?

A 2-day-old male neonate born to a 28-year-old primigravida is noted to have bilateral foot deformities at birth. On examination, both feet are in equinus and varus positions, with the sole facing medially. The feet cannot be passively dorsiflexed beyond neutral. There is no associated cleft palate, cardiac murmur, or other dysmorphic features. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 3-month-old girl with bilateral CTEV has completed 6 weeks of Ponseti casting. On examination, the feet now show 45° of external rotation and neutral dorsiflexion. However, the right foot still has 15° of residual equinus that cannot be passively corrected. The parents ask about the next step. What is the most appropriate management at this stage?

Which clinical feature best distinguishes idiopathic CTEV from secondary CTEV associated with neuromuscular disorders in a newborn?

What is the most common type of congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) based on anatomical classification?