Acute Leukemias

A 32-year-old woman presents with fever, bleeding gums, and petechiae. CBC shows WBC 85,000/μL with 70% blasts, Hb 7.2 g/dL, and platelets 15,000/μL. Auer rods are seen on blood smear. Which investigation is most appropriate to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment?

A 45-year-old man with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) without favorable cytogenetics and with normal renal and cardiac function is being considered for induction therapy. What is the drug of choice for standard-risk AML induction in this patient?

A 32-year-old man presents with fever, bleeding gums, and petechiae. Bone marrow examination reveals 85% blasts with Auer rods and cytoplasmic granules. Flow cytometry confirms AML with t(15;17). What is the drug of choice for induction therapy in this patient?

Which immunophenotypic marker is most useful for identifying B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and distinguishing it from T-cell ALL?

A 5-year-old boy is found to have 92,000 WBC/μL with 85% blasts on CBC. Blood smear shows small, round blasts with scant cytoplasm and high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. No Auer rods are seen. Which investigation is most specific for confirming acute lymphoblastic leukemia and determining prognosis?